- have
- have [hæv]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. auxiliary verb2. modal verb3. transitive verb4. noun5. Phrasal Verbs━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► 3rd pers sg pres has, pret, ptp had━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► When have is part of a set combination, eg have a look, have a good time, look up the noun.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. auxiliary verba. avoir━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► avoir is the auxiliary used with most verbs to form past tenses. For important exceptions see below.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• I have eaten j'ai mangé• I had eaten j'avais mangé• haven't you grown! comme tu as grandi !━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Note the agreement of the past participle with the preceding direct object.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• I haven't seen her je ne l'ai pas vue• I hadn't seen him je ne l'avais pas vu• if I had seen her I would have spoken to her si je l'avais vue, je lui aurais parlé• having seen them les ayant vus━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► When describing uncompleted states or actions, French generally uses the present and imperfect where English uses the perfect and past perfect.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• I have lived or have been living here for 10 years/since January j'habite ici depuis 10 ans/depuis janvier• I had lived or had been living there for 10 years j'habitais là depuis 10 ans► to have just ... venir de ...• I have just seen him je viens de le voir• I had just spoken to him je venais de lui parlerb. être━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► être is the auxiliary used with all reflexives, and the following verbs when used intransitively: aller, arriver, descendre, devenir, entrer, monter, mourir, naître, partir, passer, rentrer, rester, retourner, revenir, sortir, tomber, venir.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• I have gone je suis allé• I've made a mistake je me suis trompé• I had gone j'étais allé• I had made a mistake je m'étais trompéc. (in tag questions seeking confirmation) n'est-ce pas• you've seen her, haven't you? vous l'avez vue, n'est-ce pas ?• he hasn't told anyone, has he? il n'en a parlé à personne, n'est-ce pas ?d. (in tag responses) he's got a new job -- oh has he? il a un nouveau travail -- ah bon ?• you've dropped your book -- so I have! vous avez laissé tomber votre livre -- en effet !━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► (mais) si or (mais) non are used to contradict.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• you haven't seen her -- yes I have! vous ne l'avez pas vue -- (mais) si !• you've made a mistake -- no I haven't! vous vous êtes trompé -- mais non !━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► oui or non are often sufficient when answering questions.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• have you met him? -- yes I have est-ce que tu l'as rencontré ? -- oui• has he arrived? -- no he hasn't est-ce qu'il est arrivé ? -- none. (avoiding repetition of verb) have you ever been there? if you have ... y êtes-vous déjà allé ? si oui, ...• have you tried it? if you haven't ... est-ce que vous avez goûté ça ? si vous ne l'avez pas fait, ...2. modal verb► to have to + infinitive devoir falloir━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► falloir is always used in the third person singular, in an impersonal construction. Note that falloir que is always followed by the subjunctive.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• they have to work hard ils doivent travailler dur il faut qu'ils travaillent dur• they had to work hard ils ont dû travailler dur il a fallu qu'ils travaillent dur• you're going to have to work hard! tu vas devoir travailler dur ! il va falloir que tu travailles dur !• I'll have to leave now or I'll miss the train il faut que je parte, sinon je vais rater mon train• he had to pay all the money back il a dû tout rembourser• don't you have to get permission? est-ce qu'on ne doit pas demander la permission ?• do you have to go now? est-ce que vous devez partir tout de suite ?• we've had to work late twice this week nous avons dû rester travailler tard deux fois cette semaine• we'll have to find an alternative nous allons devoir trouver une autre solution• the locks will have to be changed il va falloir changer les serrures• what kind of equipment would you have to have? quel type de matériel vous faudrait-il ?• it has to be the biggest scandal this year c'est sans aucun doute le plus gros scandale de l'année• it still has to be proved ça reste à prouver• do you have to make such a noise? tu ne pourrais pas faire un peu moins de bruit ?► don't/doesn't have to + infinitive━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Note that falloir and devoir are not used.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• he doesn't have to work il n'a pas besoin de travailler• you didn't have to tell her! tu n'avais pas besoin de le lui dire !• it's nice not to have to work on Saturdays c'est agréable de ne pas avoir à travailler le samedi• I don't have to do it je ne suis pas obligé or forcé de le faire3. transitive verba. avoir• I have or I've got three books j'ai trois livres• have you got a suitcase? avez-vous une valise ?• she has blue eyes elle a les yeux bleus• have you got this jumper in black? est-ce que vous avez ce pull en noir ?• I haven't any more je n'en ai plus• I have got nothing to do je n'ai rien à faire• I've got a headache j'ai mal à la tête• I had my camera ready j'avais mon appareil tout prêt• to have a child avoir un enfant• she is having a baby in April elle va avoir un bébé en avril• our cat has had kittens notre chatte a eu des petits• I'll have everything ready je veillerai à ce que tout soit prêtb. ( = eat, drink, take) he had an egg for breakfast il a mangé un œuf au petit déjeuner• I'll just have a sandwich je vais juste prendre un sandwich• have some more reprends-en• shall we have a coffee? on prend un café ?• to have tea with sb prendre le thé avec qn• I've had a couple of aspirins j'ai pris deux aspirines► will you have ...? (in offers)will you have tea or coffee? vous prendrez du thé ou du café ?c. ( = spend) passer• what sort of day have you had? est-ce que tu as passé une bonne journée ?• to have a pleasant evening passer une bonne soiréed. ( = smoke) fumer• he had a cigarette il a fumé une cigarettee. ( = catch) tenir• he had me by the throat il me tenait à la gorge• I've got him where I want him! (inf) je le tiens !• to be had (inf) ( = taken in) se faire avoir• you've been had tu t'es fait avoir (inf)f. (set structures)► to let sb have ( = give) donner à qn• let me have your address donnez-moi votre adresse• I'll let you have it for $100 je vous le cède pour 100 dollars► must have or have to have• I must have £50 at once il me faut 50 livres immédiatement• I must or have to have them by this afternoon il me les faut pour cet après-midi► won't have ( = refuse to accept)I won't have this nonsense! je ne tolérerai pas ces enfantillages !• I won't have it! je ne tolérerai pas ça !• I won't have him risking his neck on that motorbike je ne veux pas qu'il risque sa vie sur cette moto► would have ( = wish)what would you have me do? que voulez-vous que je fasse ?• I would have you know that ... sachez que ...► to have sth done [+ service] faire faire qch• to have sth mended faire réparer qch• to have one's hair cut se faire couper les cheveux• I've had the brakes checked j'ai fait vérifier les freins• he had his car stolen il s'est fait voler sa voiture• he had his worst fears confirmed ses pires craintes se sont réalisées► to have sb do sth faire faire qch à qn• I had him clean the car je lui ai fait nettoyer la voiture• she soon had them all reading and writing elle a réussi très rapidement à leur apprendre à lire et à écrire► had better ( = should)I had better go now il vaut mieux que j'y aille• you'd better not tell him that! tu ferais mieux de ne pas lui dire ça !► to have had it (inf)I've had it ( = am done for) je suis fichu (inf)• I've had it up to here j'en ai marre ! (inf)► to have to do with• I have nothing to do with it je n'y suis pour rien• that has nothing to do with it ça n'a rien à voir4. noun• the haves and the have-nots les riches mpl et les pauvres mpl5. Phrasal Verbs► have in separable transitive verba. faire venir• we'll have them in and discuss it nous allons les faire venir pour en discuterb. to have it in for sb (inf) avoir une dent contre qnc. to have it in one en être capable• she has got it in her elle en est capable► have off separable transitive verb(British)to have it off with sb (inf!) s'envoyer (inf !) qn► have on separable transitive verba. [+ clothes] porter• he had nothing on il était tout nub. (British = have planned) I've got so much on this week that ... j'ai tant de choses à faire cette semaine que ...• I've got nothing on this evening je suis libre ce soirc. (British = tease) (inf) faire marcher (inf)d. Richard has nothing on him! (inf) Richard ne lui arrive pas à la cheville !• the police have nothing on me (inf) la police n'a pas de preuve contre moi► have out separable transitive verba. to have a tooth out se faire arracher une dentb. to have it out with sb s'expliquer avec qn► have round separable transitive verb[+ friends, neighbours] inviter► have up separable transitive verb• to be had up passer en jugement (for doing sth pour avoir fait qch)* * *[hæv, həv] 1.transitive verb (uses not covered in NOTE)1) (possess) avoir
she has (got) a dog — elle a un chien
2) (consume) prendreto have a sandwich — manger un sandwich
to have a whisky — boire un whisky
to have a cigarette — fumer une cigarette
to have breakfast — prendre le petit déjeuner
to have dinner — dîner
to have lunch — déjeuner
I had some more cake — j'ai repris du gâteau
3) (want) vouloir, prendrewhat will you have? — qu'est-ce que vous prendrez or voulez?
she won't have him back — elle ne veut plus de lui
I wouldn't have it any other way — ça me convient comme ça
I wouldn't have him/her any other way — c'est comme ça que je l'aime
4) (receive, get) recevoir [letter, information]I've had no news from him — je n'ai pas eu de nouvelles de lui
I must have the information soon — il me faut l'information bientôt
to let somebody have something — donner quelque chose à quelqu'un
5) (hold) faire [party, celebration]; tenir [meeting]; organiser [competition, ballot, exhibition]; avoir [conversation]; mener [enquiry]6) (exert, exhibit) avoir [effect, influence]; avoir [courage, courtesy] (to do de faire)7) (spend) passerto have a nice day/evening — passer une journée/soirée agréable
to have a good time — bien s'amuser
to have a hard ou bad time — traverser une période difficile
to have a good vacation — passer de bonnes vacances
8) (be provided with) (also have got)to have something to do — avoir quelque chose à faire
I have ou I've got letters to write — j'ai du courrier à faire
9) (undergo, suffer) avoirto have (the) flu/a heart attack — avoir la grippe/une crise cardiaque
to have toothache — avoir mal aux dents
to have a shock — subir un choc
he had his car stolen — il s'est fait voler sa voiture
she has had her windows broken — on lui a cassé ses vitres
they like having stories read to them — ils aiment qu'on leur lise des histoires
to have an interview — avoir or passer un entretien
10) (cause to be done)to have something done — faire faire quelque chose
to have the house painted — faire peindre la maison
to have one's hair cut — se faire couper les cheveux
to have an injection — se faire faire une piqûre
to have somebody do something — faire faire quelque chose à quelqu'un
she had him close the door — elle lui a fait fermer la porte
they would have us believe that... — ils voudraient nous faire croire que...
I would have you know that... — je voudrais que vous sachiez que...
he had them laughing — il les a fait rire
11) (cause to become)he had his revolver ready — il avait son revolver prêt
we'll soon have everything ready/clean — nous aurons bientôt fini de tout préparer/nettoyer
if you're not careful you'll have that glass over — si tu ne fais pas attention tu vas renverser le verre
she had them completely baffled — elle les a complètement déroutés
I had it finished by 5 o'clock — je l'avais fini avant 5 heures
12) (allow) tolérerI won't have this kind of behaviour! — je ne tolérerai pas ce comportement!
I won't have it! — ça ne va pas se passer comme ça!
I won't have them exploit him — je ne tolérerai pas qu'ils l'exploitent
I won't have him hurt — je ne laisserai personne le blesser
we can't have them staying in a hotel — on ne peut pas les laisser aller à l'hôtel
13) (physically hold) tenirshe had the glass in her hand — elle tenait le verre dans la main
she had him by the throat/by the arm — elle le tenait à la gorge/par le bras
he had his hands over his eyes — il avait les mains sur les yeux
14) (give birth to) [woman] avoir [child]; [animal] mettre bas, avoir [young]has she had it yet? — est-ce qu'elle a accouché?
she's having a baby (in May) — elle va avoir un enfant (en mai)
15) (as impersonal verb)over here, we have a painting by Picasso — ici vous avez un tableau de Picasso
what we have here is a small group of extremists — ce à quoi nous avons affaire ici, est un petit groupe d'extrémistes
16) (puzzle)you have ou you've got me there! — là tu me poses une colle! (colloq)
17) (have at one's mercy) (also have got)I've got you/him now! — maintenant je te/le tiens!
2.I'll have you! — je vais te montrer!
modal auxiliary1) (must)I have (got) to leave now — je dois partir maintenant, il faut que je parte maintenant
2) (need to)you don't have to ou you haven't got to leave so early — tu n'as pas besoin de or tu n'es pas obligé de partir si tôt
why did this have to happen? — pourquoi fallait-il que ça arrive?
something has (got) to be done — il faut faire quelque chose
3) (for emphasis)3.this has (got) to be the most difficult decision I've ever made — c'est sans doute la décision la plus difficile que j'aie jamais eu à prendre
auxiliary verb1) gen avoir; (with movement and reflexive verbs) êtreshe has lost her bag — elle a perdu son sac
she has already left — elle est déjà partie
she has hurt herself — elle s'est blessée
2) (in tag questions etc)you've seen the film, haven't you? — tu as vu le film, n'est-ce pas?
you haven't seen the film, have you? — tu n'as pas vu le film?
you haven't seen my bag, have you? — tu n'as pas vu mon sac, par hasard?
‘he's already left’ - ‘has he indeed!’ — ‘il est déjà parti’ - ‘vraiment!’
4.‘you've never met him’ - ‘yes I have!’ — ‘tu ne l'as jamais rencontré’ - ‘mais si!’
having auxiliary verb1) (in time clauses)having finished his breakfast, he went out — après avoir fini son petit déjeuner, il est sorti
2) (because, since)having already won twice — comme il a déjà gagné deux fois
•Phrasal Verbs:- have in- have on- have up••to have done with something — en finir avec quelque chose
this car/TV has had it — (colloq) cette voiture/télé est foutue (colloq)
when your father finds out, you've had it! — (colloq) (in trouble) quand ton père l'apprendra, ça va être ta fête! (colloq)
I can't do any more, I've had it! — (colloq) (tired) je n'en peux plus, je suis crevé! (colloq)
I've had it (up to here) with... — (colloq) j'en ai marre de... (colloq)
to have it in for somebody — (colloq) avoir quelqu'un dans le collimateur (colloq)
she has/doesn't have it in her to do — elle est capable/incapable de faire
to have it out with somebody — s'expliquer avec quelqu'un
he will have it that — il soutient que
I've got it! — je sais!
and the ayes/noes have it — les oui/non l'emportent
the haves and the have-nots — les riches et les pauvres
...and what have you — ...etc
there is no milk/there are no houses to be had — on ne trouve pas de lait/de maisons
English-French dictionary. 2013.
